GH-48461: [R][CI] Migrate Azure pipelines to GitHub actions

[raulcd]

Rationale for this change

We have been consolidating our CI to use GitHub actions during the last years. There are only a handful of CI jobs on Azure pipelines and all of them are R related. From a maintenance perspective using a single UI or having to update less secrets when we need to update them is easier.

What changes are included in this PR?

Remove all the jobs that where using Azure pipelines from our crossbow tasks.yml workflows.
Migrate them to a new r_extra.yml workflow that will be executed following the same pattern as CPP Extra or Linux Packages.
Some cleanup for unnecessary Azure macros now that there are no Azure pipelines on crossbow tasks.

Are these changes tested?

Yes via CI.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

• GitHub Issue: [CI] Move away from Azure Pipelines #48461

[github-actions]

❌ GitHub issue #48461 could not be retrieved.

[raulcd]

@jonkeane I've only moved to the R Extra workflow the old Azure jobs as the original issue was only to move from Azure to GitHub the Azure jobs. I am happy to tackle some of the other R jobs to be moved to the R Extra workflow on a follow up PR if that's what we want to do.

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g r

[github-actions]

Revision: 2a03976

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-db231ff02b

Task	Status
r-binary-packages
r-recheck-most
test-r-alpine-linux-cran
test-r-arrow-backwards-compatibility
test-r-depsource-system
test-r-dev-duckdb
test-r-devdocs
test-r-extra-packages
test-r-gcc-11
test-r-gcc-12
test-r-install-local
test-r-install-local-minsizerel
test-r-linux-as-cran
test-r-linux-rchk
test-r-linux-sanitizers
test-r-linux-valgrind
test-r-m1-san
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-r-offline-maximal
test-r-ubuntu-22.04
test-r-versions

[kou]

+1