Add Figure.directional_rose to plot a directional rose on map

[seisman]

Description of proposed changes

This PR adds the Figure.directional_rose method to plot a map directional rose on map. It wraps the basemap -Td/coast -Td options.

• [g|j|J|n|x]<refpoint>[+j<justify>][+o<dx>[/<dy>]]: position
• +w<width>: width
• +f[<level>]: fancy
• +l<w,e,s,n>]: labels

Example

import pygmt
from pygmt.params import Position
fig = pygmt.Figure()
fig.basemap(region=[0, 80, -30, 30], projection="M10c", frame=True)
fig.directional_rose(width="3c")
fig.show()

Preview: https://pygmt-dev--4025.org.readthedocs.build/en/4025/api/generated/pygmt.Figure.directional_rose.html

Addressing #2831. Related to #4010. Related to #4164.

Reminders

• Run make format and make check to make sure the code follows the style guide.
• Add tests for new features or tests that would have caught the bug that you're fixing.
• Add new public functions/methods/classes to doc/api/index.rst.
• Write detailed docstrings for all functions/methods.
• If wrapping a new module, open a 'Wrap new GMT module' issue and submit reasonably-sized PRs.
• If adding new functionality, add an example to docstrings or tutorials.

Slash Commands

You can write slash commands (/command) in the first line of a comment to perform
specific operations. Supported slash command is:

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[github-actions]

Summary of changed images

This is an auto-generated report of images that have changed on the DVC remote

Status	Path
added	pygmt/tests/baseline/test_directional_rose.png
added	pygmt/tests/baseline/test_directional_rose_complex.png
added	pygmt/tests/baseline/test_directional_rose_fancy.png

Image diff(s)

Details

Added images

• test_directional_rose.png

• test_directional_rose_complex.png

• test_directional_rose_fancy.png

Modified images

Path	Old	New

Report last updated at commit 7ba2bda

[michaelgrund]

Looks good!

[seisman]

I think this feature is also ready for review. The key point that we need to reach an agreement on is the default position.

As shown below, GMT defaults to plot directional roses at x0/0, but there are some issues (potential bugs):

• It seems the anchor point is "BL" for a simple rose and "MC" for a fancy rose. So, the behavior is inconsistent.
• The box is not drawn for the simple rose when position is x0/0
• Setting position to jBL looks good, but the box for the simple rose seems to be a square which doesn't fit the simple rose well.

I'll file an upstream issue report later (GenericMappingTools/gmt#8841), but I feel in PyGMT, we should let the default position to jBL (which seems to have offsets automatically).

gmt begin map png
	gmt basemap -R100/110/30/35 -JM10c -Baf
	gmt basemap -Td+w2c -F+pblue
	gmt basemap -Td+w2c+f -F+pred

	gmt basemap -R100/110/30/35 -JM10c -Baf -Xw+2c
	gmt basemap -Tdx0/0+w2c -F+pblue
	gmt basemap -Tdx0/0+w2c+f -F+pred

	gmt basemap -R100/110/30/35 -JM10c -Baf -Xw+2c
	gmt basemap -TdjBL+w2c -F+pblue
	gmt basemap -TdjBL+w2c+f -F+pred
gmt end show