Add path aliases for components

[kmonahan]

A few things need to be done here:

1. Investigate existing eslint plugin for import ordering to determine what options it gives us for working with path aliases. Ideally, we want to be able to use path alias shortcuts while still retaining the ordering that groups third-party modules separately from local modules.
2. Set up additional shortcuts to specific directories, possibly mirroring the Twig namespaces in Gesso for Drupal
3. Document aliases in the README

[kmonahan]

simonhaenisch/prettier-plugin-organize-imports#151 confirms that handling @/ imports separately is not planned. One recommendation is to use ~/ as the local alias instead to ensure they're sorted below third-party packages.