[C++][FlightSQL][ODBC] Potential deadlock error after C++ 20 requirement is enabled

[alinaliBQ]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

There are flakey mutex deadlock errors occurring in the Arrow Flight SQL ODBC tests after C++ 20 is enabled 30809c6, roughly occurring once in every 2 test runs. Mutex related changes have been made to enable C++ 20, so it could possibly be related.

Acceptance Criteria:

• investigate, find root cause of the error and resolve it

Log:
The error has been seen in different tests as the appearance is random

[ RUN      ] ConnectionAttributeTest/1.TestSQLSetConnectAttrTranslateLabDMOnly
[mutex.cc : 1426] RAW: Potential Mutex deadlock:
        @ 00007FFF48880260
        @ 00007FFF48878EB3
        @ 00007FFF49A7C999
        @ 00007FFF49BAC90A
        @ 00007FFF4A05861C
        @ 00007FFF4A01DF64
        @ 00007FFF4A01D388
        @ 00007FFF49CBD881
        @ 00007FFF49CBE5B0
        @ 00007FFF49CC2ACC
        @ 00007FFF49CC18BC
        @ 00007FFF49CC194D
        @ 00007FFF49FF903E
        @ 00007FFF49FF5332
        @ 00007FFF49FF7F54
        @ 00007FFF49FF756C
        @ 00007FFF49FF78E1
        @ 00007FFF4A0D16EA
        @ 00007FFF4A7FDF8B
        @ 00007FFF4A7F09C3
        @ 00007FFF4A7F0519
        @ 00007FFF4A7F1283
        @ 00007FFF4A7F12E6
        @ 00007FFF4A9C0B26
        @ 00007FF84F09E8D7
        @ 00007FF8500EC53C

[mutex.cc : 1438] RAW: Acquiring absl::Mutex 00000228D94F54B0 while holding  00000228D9C1D380; a cycle in the historical lock ordering graph has been observed
[mutex.cc : 1439] RAW: Cycle:
[mutex.cc : 1453] RAW: mutex@00000228D94F54B0 stack:
        @ 00007FFF48880260
        @ 00007FFF48878EB3
        @ 00007FFF49A7C999
        @ 00007FFF49BAC90A
        @ 00007FFF4A05861C
        @ 00007FFF4A40CE64
        @ 00007FFF49FF2BA3
        @ 00007FFF49FF28EC
        @ 00007FFF49C9A141
        @ 00007FFF49C9A33F
        @ 00007FFF49C9A797
        @ 00007FFF49C9CCF5
        @ 00007FFF49C9DF9F
        @ 00007FFF49E74EB5
        @ 00007FFF49E73EA6
        @ 00007FFF49CCB22D
        @ 00007FFF49B63B81
        @ 00007FFF49B348CA
        @ 00007FFF49A48EBC
        @ 00007FFF499D4B0A
        @ 00007FF72955BF60
        @ 00007FF72955CB04
        @ 00007FFFA5966AED
        @ 00007FFFA5966723
        @ 00007FFFA592E76C
        @ 00007FFFA592F474
        @ 00007FFFA592FEF1
        @ 00007FFFA59375C6
        @ 00007FFFA5966BAD
        @ 00007FFFA5966A33
        @ 00007FFFA5930793
        @ 00007FFFA59F2DE3
        @ 00007FFFA59F2DB5
        @ 00007FF729AE53F9
        @ 00007FF729AE52A2
        @ 00007FF729AE515E
        @ 00007FF729AE548E
        @ 00007FF84F09E8D7
        @ 00007FF8500EC53C

[mutex.cc : 1453] RAW: mutex@00000228D9C1D380 stack:
        @ 00007FFF48880260
        @ 00007FFF48878EB3
        @ 00007FFF4A9BCE74
        @ 00007FFF4A2F2C4C
        @ 00007FFF4A2F3146
        @ 00007FFF4A2F412B
        @ 00007FFF49DD8608
        @ 00007FFF49BAD948
        @ 00007FFF49BACE4B
        @ 00007FFF4A05A3BC
        @ 00007FFF4A40DAD8
        @ 00007FFF4A426438
        @ 00007FFF49C9D880
        @ 00007FFF49C9DECD
        @ 00007FFF499BA8F3
        @ 00007FFF49B27584
        @ 00007FFF49B240A4
        @ 00007FFF4A685645
        @ 00007FFF4A68B118
        @ 00007FFF4A68A2E6
        @ 00007FFF4A68B98B
        @ 00007FFF499BA8F3
        @ 00007FFF4A68B8E4
        @ 00007FFF4A68AE24
        @ 00007FFF4A683C97
        @ 00007FFF4A7F0D0C
        @ 00007FFF4A7F0519
        @ 00007FFF4A7F1283
        @ 00007FFF4A7F12E6
        @ 00007FFF4A9C0B26
        @ 00007FF84F09E8D7
        @ 00007FF8500EC53C

[mutex.cc : 1461] RAW: dying due to potential deadlock

Parent issue: #30622

Component(s)

C++, FlightRPC