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diff --git a/monai/tests/test_clinical_preprocessing.py b/monai/tests/test_clinical_preprocessing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57ecf48dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/monai/tests/test_clinical_preprocessing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from monai.data import write_nifti
+from monai.transforms import EnsureChannelFirst, LoadImage, NormalizeIntensity, ScaleIntensityRange
+from monai.transforms.clinical_preprocessing import (
+    ModalityTypeError,
+    UnsupportedModalityError,
+    get_ct_preprocessing_pipeline,
+    get_mri_preprocessing_pipeline,
+    preprocess_dicom_series,
+    preprocess_medical_image,
+)
+
+
+def test_ct_preprocessing_pipeline_structure():
+    """Test CT pipeline structure."""
+    pipeline = get_ct_preprocessing_pipeline()
+    transforms = pipeline.transforms
+
+    assert len(transforms) == 3
+    assert isinstance(transforms[0], LoadImage)
+    assert transforms[0].image_only is True
+    assert transforms[1].__class__ is EnsureChannelFirst
+    assert isinstance(transforms[2], ScaleIntensityRange)
+
+    scale = transforms[2]
+    assert scale.a_min == -1000
+    assert scale.a_max == 400
+    assert scale.b_min == 0.0
+    assert scale.b_max == 1.0
+    assert scale.clip is True
+
+
+def test_mri_preprocessing_pipeline_structure():
+    """Test MRI pipeline structure."""
+    pipeline = get_mri_preprocessing_pipeline()
+    transforms = pipeline.transforms
+
+    assert len(transforms) == 3
+    assert isinstance(transforms[0], LoadImage)
+    assert transforms[0].image_only is True
+    assert transforms[1].__class__ is EnsureChannelFirst
+    assert isinstance(transforms[2], NormalizeIntensity)
+    assert transforms[2].nonzero is True
+
+
+def test_invalid_modality_type():
+    """Test non-string modality input."""
+    with pytest.raises(ModalityTypeError) as exc:
+        preprocess_dicom_series("dummy", 123)
+
+    assert "modality must be a string" in str(exc.value)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ModalityTypeError) as exc:
+        preprocess_medical_image("dummy", None)
+
+    assert "modality must be a string" in str(exc.value)
+
+
+def test_unsupported_modality():
+    """Test unsupported modality."""
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedModalityError) as exc:
+        preprocess_dicom_series("dummy", "PET")
+
+    msg = str(exc.value)
+    assert "Unsupported modality" in msg
+    assert "PET" in msg
+    assert "CT" in msg
+    assert "MR" in msg
+    assert "MRI" in msg
+
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedModalityError) as exc:
+        preprocess_medical_image("dummy", "PET")
+
+    msg = str(exc.value)
+    assert "Unsupported modality" in msg
+    assert "PET" in msg
+    assert "CT" in msg
+    assert "MR" in msg
+    assert "MRI" in msg
+
+
+@patch("monai.transforms.clinical_preprocessing.LoadImage")
+def test_modality_case_insensitivity(mock_load):
+    """Test case-insensitive modality handling with whitespace trimming."""
+    mock_load.return_value = Mock(return_value=Mock())
+
+    test_cases = ["CT", "ct", "Ct", "CT ", " CT", "MR", "mr", "MRI", "mri", " MrI "]
+
+    for modality in test_cases:
+        result = preprocess_dicom_series("dummy.dcm", modality)
+        assert result is not None, f"Failed for modality: '{modality}'"
+        result2 = preprocess_medical_image("dummy.dcm", modality)
+        assert result2 is not None, f"preprocess_medical_image failed for modality: '{modality}'"
+
+
+@patch("monai.transforms.clinical_preprocessing.LoadImage")
+def test_mr_modality_distinct(mock_load):
+    """Test MR modality is handled separately from MRI."""
+    mock_load.return_value = Mock(return_value=Mock())
+    result = preprocess_dicom_series("dummy.dcm", "MR")
+    assert result is not None
+    result2 = preprocess_medical_image("dummy.dcm", "MR")
+    assert result2 is not None
+
+
+@patch("monai.transforms.clinical_preprocessing.LoadImage")
+def test_edge_cases(mock_load):
+    """Test edge cases for modality input."""
+    mock_load.return_value = Mock(return_value=Mock())
+
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedModalityError):
+        preprocess_dicom_series("dummy.dcm", "")
+
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedModalityError):
+        preprocess_dicom_series("dummy.dcm", "   ")
+
+    long_modality = "CT" * 100
+    with pytest.raises(UnsupportedModalityError):
+        preprocess_dicom_series("dummy.dcm", long_modality)
+
+
+def test_preprocess_dicom_series_integration(tmp_path):
+    """Integration test with dummy NIfTI file."""
+    dummy_data = np.random.randn(64, 64, 64).astype(np.float32)
+    test_file = tmp_path / "test.nii.gz"
+
+    write_nifti(dummy_data, test_file)
+
+    for modality in ["CT", "MR", "MRI"]:
+        result = preprocess_dicom_series(str(test_file), modality)
+        assert result is not None
+        assert hasattr(result, "shape")
+        assert len(result.shape) == 4  # (C, H, W, D)
+        assert result.shape[0] == 1    # single channel
+
+        if modality == "CT":
+            # CT output should be in [0, 1] due to ScaleIntensityRange
+            assert result.min() >= 0.0
+            assert result.max() <= 1.0
+
+        result2 = preprocess_medical_image(str(test_file), modality)
+        assert result2 is not None
+        assert hasattr(result2, "shape")
+        assert len(result2.shape) == 4
+        assert result2.shape[0] == 1
diff --git a/monai/transforms/__init__.py b/monai/transforms/__init__.py
index 3fd33b76da..d365e0001b 100644
--- a/monai/transforms/__init__.py
+++ b/monai/transforms/__init__.py
@@ -680,6 +680,16 @@
     TransposeD,
     TransposeDict,
 )
+
+# Clinical preprocessing utilities
+from .clinical_preprocessing import (
+    ModalityTypeError,
+    UnsupportedModalityError,
+    get_ct_preprocessing_pipeline,
+    get_mri_preprocessing_pipeline,
+    preprocess_dicom_series,
+)
+
 from .utils import (
     Fourier,
     allow_missing_keys_mode,
diff --git a/monai/transforms/clinical_preprocessing.py b/monai/transforms/clinical_preprocessing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c4f26accd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/monai/transforms/clinical_preprocessing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Clinical preprocessing transforms for medical imaging data.
+
+This module provides modality-specific preprocessing pipelines for common medical imaging modalities.
+"""
+
+import torch
+
+from monai.transforms import (
+    Compose,
+    EnsureChannelFirst,
+    LoadImage,
+    NormalizeIntensity,
+    ScaleIntensityRange,
+)
+
+
+class ModalityTypeError(TypeError):
+    """Raised when modality is not a string."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("modality must be a string")
+
+
+class UnsupportedModalityError(ValueError):
+    """Raised when an unsupported modality is requested."""
+    def __init__(self, modality: str):
+        super().__init__(
+            f"Unsupported modality '{modality}'. Supported modalities: CT, MR, MRI"
+        )
+
+
+def get_ct_preprocessing_pipeline() -> Compose:
+    """
+    Create a preprocessing pipeline for CT images.
+
+    Returns:
+        Compose: Transform composition for CT preprocessing.
+            Applies Hounsfield Unit (HU) windowing [-1000, 400] scaled to [0, 1].
+            This range captures lung (-1000 to -400 HU) and soft tissue (0 to 100 HU) contrast.
+
+    Note:
+        Output will be a single-channel tensor with shape (1, H, W, D)
+        and values in range [0, 1].
+    """
+    return Compose(
+        [
+            LoadImage(image_only=True),
+            EnsureChannelFirst(),
+            ScaleIntensityRange(
+                a_min=-1000,
+                a_max=400,
+                b_min=0.0,
+                b_max=1.0,
+                clip=True,
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def get_mri_preprocessing_pipeline() -> Compose:
+    """
+    Create a preprocessing pipeline for MRI images.
+
+    Returns:
+        Compose: Transform composition for MRI preprocessing.
+            Normalizes intensities using nonzero voxels only, excluding background regions
+            typical in MRI acquisitions.
+
+    Note:
+        Output will be a single-channel tensor with shape (1, H, W, D)
+        normalized based on nonzero voxel statistics.
+    """
+    return Compose(
+        [
+            LoadImage(image_only=True),
+            EnsureChannelFirst(),
+            NormalizeIntensity(nonzero=True),
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def preprocess_medical_image(path: str, modality: str) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """
+    Preprocess a medical image based on imaging modality.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the medical image file. Supports various formats including
+            DICOM, NIfTI, and others supported by MONAI's LoadImage transform.
+        modality: Imaging modality. Supported values are "CT", "MR", and "MRI" (case-insensitive).
+
+    Returns:
+        Preprocessed image data as a torch.Tensor (or MetaTensor with metadata).
+
+    Raises:
+        ModalityTypeError: If modality is not a string.
+        UnsupportedModalityError: If the provided modality is not supported.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(modality, str):
+        raise ModalityTypeError()
+
+    modality_clean = modality.strip().upper()
+
+    if modality_clean in {"MR", "MRI"}:
+        pipeline = get_mri_preprocessing_pipeline()
+    elif modality_clean == "CT":
+        pipeline = get_ct_preprocessing_pipeline()
+    else:
+        raise UnsupportedModalityError(modality)
+
+    return pipeline(path)
+
+
+# Keep the old function name for backward compatibility
+def preprocess_dicom_series(path: str, modality: str) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """
+    Preprocess a DICOM series or file based on imaging modality.
+
+    Note: This function also supports other medical image formats
+    (NIfTI, etc.) through MONAI's LoadImage transform.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the DICOM file or directory containing a DICOM series.
+        modality: Imaging modality. Supported values are "CT", "MR", and "MRI" (case-insensitive).
+
+    Returns:
+        Preprocessed image data as a torch.Tensor (or MetaTensor with metadata).
+
+    Raises:
+        ModalityTypeError: If modality is not a string.
+        UnsupportedModalityError: If the provided modality is not supported.
+    """
+    return preprocess_medical_image(path, modality)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ModalityTypeError",
+    "UnsupportedModalityError",
+    "get_ct_preprocessing_pipeline",
+    "get_mri_preprocessing_pipeline",
+    "preprocess_dicom_series",
+    "preprocess_medical_image",
+]